test+page+ibgeog2009

=Extreme Environments=




 * [[image:ibgeog2009:delicious.png caption="delicious.png"]] delicious tag:** //ib_geog2009 + extreme// +

[[image:ibgeog2009:syllabus.png caption="syllabus.png"]]SYLLABUS REQUIREMENTS
This optional theme considers two different kinds of extreme environment:

Cold and high altitude environments (polar, glacial areas, periglacial areas; high mountains in non-tropical latitudes) Hot, arid environments (hot desert and semi-arid areas).


 * =====**1. Challenging environments**===== ||
 * • **global distribution of extreme environments**

//[|distribution]// || Explain the global distribution of each of the two kinds of extreme environment. Describe the relief and climatic characteristics which make these environments extreme. Explain how these characteristics present challenges for resource development and human habitation.


 * 4 hours ** ||
 * • **population**

//[|population]// || Explain the other factors responsible for a low density of population in these areas: human discomfort, inaccessibility, remoteness. Identify ways in which people adapt their activities to extremes of weather and climate.


 * 2 hours ** ||
 * =====**2. The physical characteristics of extreme environments **===== ||
 * • **glacial environment**

//[|glacial]// || Explain the advance and retreat of glaciers and the main features resulting from the processes of erosion and deposition by glaciers.


 * 3 hours ** ||
 * • **periglacial environment**

//[|periglacial]// || Explain permafrost, patterned ground, solifluction, thermokarst, pingos.

||
 * 3 hours **
 * • hot, arid environments (hot deserts and semi-arid areas)

//[|arid]// || Explain weathering and the processes involved in wind and water-formed features. Explain the occurrence of flash floods.

||
 * 4 hours **
 * =====**3. Opportunities and challenges for management **===== ||
 * • **agriculture**

//[|arid_manage]// || Hot, arid areas: examine the opportunities for agriculture in these areas; the distinction between aridity and infertility; the importance of irrigation and risk of salinization; the processes and factors involved in desertification.


 * 4 hours ** ||
 * • **mineral extraction**

//[|periglacial_manage]// //[|arid_manage]// || Periglacial areas: examine the opportunities and challenges posed by permafrost and other characteristics of periglacial areas for resource development (mineral extraction and any associated settlement and communications).

** 2 hours ** Hot, arid areas: examine the opportunities and challenges posed for resource development (mineral extraction and any associated settlement and communications).

||
 * 2 hours **
 * • **tourism**

//[|tourism]// || Examine the opportunities and challenges posed by the development of tourism and any associated settlement and communications in one type of extreme environment. Examine the impacts of tourism on the environment, such as mass movements and erosion; land degradation; vulnerability to hazards; aesthetic change; water usage; waste disposal.

|| Discuss the potential impact of global climatic change (global warming) on the indigenous populations, settlement and economic activities in extreme environments.
 * 3 hours **
 * =====**4. Sustainability **===== ||
 * //[[image:ibgeog2009:delicious_16x16.png caption="delicious_16x16.png" link="http://delicious.com/tag/ib_geog2009+extreme+sustainability"]][|sustainability]// || Discuss the degree to which human activities in extreme environments are unsustainable.


 * 3 hours ** ||

[[image:ibgeog2009:skills.png caption="skills.png"]]GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS
Produce written material (including essays, reports and investigations) Collect and select relevant geographic information > >
 * make observations
 * conduct interviews
 * take measurements
 * make images

[[image:ibgeog2009:resources.png caption="resources.png"]]TEXTBOOK RESOURCES
All matters to do with Arid Areas and their management: Arid and Semi-Arid Environments. Michael Hill. Access to Geog Series [Submitted by: Ann]


 * =====**1. Challenging environments**===== ||
 * Explain the global distribution of each of the two kinds of extreme environment.

Describe the relief and climatic characteristics which make these environments extreme. Explain how these characteristics present challenges for resource development and human habitation. || Planet Geography Codrington pages 248 and 249

Geography - and integrated approach. David Waugh pages 178 to 190. ||
 * Explain the other factors responsible for a low density of population in these areas: human discomfort, inaccessibility, remoteness.

Identify ways in which people adapt their activities to extremes of weather and climate. || Geography - and integrated approach. David Waugh pages 346 ||
 * =====**2. The physical characteristics of extreme environments **===== ||
 * Explain the advance and retreat of glaciers and the main features resulting from the processes of erosion and deposition by glaciers. || Landform Systems. Bishop and Prosser Pages 130, 134 to 152

A2 Geography. Bowen and Pallister. pages 127 to 133 ||
 * Explain permafrost, patterned ground, solifluction, thermokarst, pingos. || Landform Systems. Bishop and Prosser Pages 158, 161 to 168

A2 Geography. Bowen and Pallister. pages 127 to 151 || ||
 * Explain weathering and the processes involved in wind and water-formed features. Explain the occurrence of flash floods. || Landform Systems. Bishop and Prosser Pages 201 to 207
 * =====**3. Opportunities and challenges for management **===== ||
 * Hot, arid areas: examine the opportunities for agriculture in these areas; the distinction between aridity and infertility; the importance of irrigation and risk of salinization; the processes and factors involved in desertification. || Landform Systems. Bishop and Prosser Page 207 to 209 ||
 * Periglacial areas: examine the opportunities and challenges posed by permafrost and other characteristics of periglacial areas for resource development (mineral extraction and any associated settlement and communications).

Hot, arid areas: examine the opportunities and challenges posed for resource development (mineral extraction and any associated settlement and communications). || A2 Geography. Bowen and Pallister. pages 157 to 169

||
 *  Examine the opportunities and challenges posed by the development of tourism and any associated settlement and communications in one type of extreme environment.

Examine the impacts of tourism on the environment, such as mass movements and erosion; land degradation; vulnerability to hazards; aesthetic change; water usage; waste disposal. || Landform Systems. Bishop and Prosser Page 181 to 185

|| Discuss the degree to which human activities in extreme environments are unsustainable.
 * =====**4. Sustainability **===== ||
 * 

Discuss the potential impact of global climatic change (global warming) on the indigenous populations, settlement and economic activities in extreme environments. || Planet Geography Codrington pages 259 to 267 ||

[[image:ibgeog2009:resources.png caption="resources.png"]]ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
'On shaky ground' Permafrost article. Geography Review Vol 21 No 3 February 2008 - Submitted by Ann.

[[image:ibgeog2009:resources.png caption="resources.png"]]ONLINE RESOURCES

 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme distribution**
 * [|World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated] by geographyalltheway Jan 2, 2008 12:07 pm


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme population**
 * [|BBC News | HEALTH | High altitude 'speeds up ageing'] by geographyalltheway Oct 11, 2008 1:18 pm Women who live at high altitudes are likely to age faster, research suggests.
 * [|High Altitude Living] by geographyalltheway Oct 11, 2008 1:17 pm Life at high altitude is a little different. Many of the differences are small, and only noticeable if you really pay attention. Some of them are major, and potentially life threatening.


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme glacial**
 * [|YouTube - Mont Blanc Glacier Time Lapse] by geographyalltheway Jun 18, 2009 2:46 pm
 * [|Corrie or Cirque Formation] by geographyalltheway Jun 18, 2009 2:46 pm
 * [|Resources For Earth Sciences and Geography Instruction - Central Michigan University] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:28 am
 * [|module13swf.swf (application/x-shockwave-flash Object)] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:28 am
 * [|RealClimate] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:24 am
 * [|Global glacier retreat] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:23 am
 * [|Glacial motion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:21 am
 * [|18_1.swf (application/x-shockwave-flash Object)] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:20 am
 * [|PhET Glaciers - glaciers, climate change] by geographyalltheway Nov 14, 2008 1:07 am Online Simulation: Adjust mountain snowfall and temperature to see the glacier grow and shrink. Use scientific tools to measure thickness, velocity and glacial budget.
 * [|cannock.swf (application/x-shockwave-flash Object)] by geographyalltheway Jun 5, 2007 6:54 am
 * [|SwissEduc: Glaciers Online - Introduction] by geographyalltheway Apr 25, 2007 1:18 pm
 * [|SwissEduc: Glaciers Online - Aletsch Livecam Movies] by geographyalltheway Jan 24, 2007 1:44 am


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme periglacial**
 * [|Résultats Google Recherche d'images correspondant à http://216.70.123.96/images/uploads/Slides.jpg] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:25 am
 * [|Résultats Google Recherche d'images correspondant à http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/landslide4.jpg] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:24 am
 * [|Solifluction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:23 am
 * [|Permafrost - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:22 am
 * [|PeriglacialPaper.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:20 am [|Download]
 * [|Periglacial landforms Cairngorm] by geographyalltheway Oct 11, 2008 11:00 pm Defintion: any area with a tundra climate, such as mountainous areas in mid-latitudes, or where frost processes are active or permafrost occurs in some form.


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme arid**
 * [|Wadi Rum (Desert Week 2) - Google Sightseeing] by geographyalltheway Jun 21, 2009 11:26 am
 * [|Death Valley (Desert Week 2) - Google Sightseeing] by geographyalltheway Jun 19, 2009 12:22 pm


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme arid_manage**
 * [|PAP_108.PDF (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 4:00 am [|Download]
 * [|WED2006_animation.swf (application/x-shockwave-flash Object)] by geogjim Mar 30, 2008 4:39 am


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme periglacial_manage**
 * [|bap-periglaciallandscapes.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:18 am [|Download]
 * [|IPA welcome] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:15 am
 * [|PERIGLACIATION] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:31 am


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme tourism**
 * [|Mountain Tourism Nepal] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:49 am
 * [|nssd Nepal: Tourism] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:48 am Tourism in Nepal contributes 3.5% to GDP and 15% of total foreign exchange earnings of the country. It also gave direct or indirect employment to 257,000 people in 1998. The average length of stay was 10.8 days and average expenditure/tourist/day ...
 * [|Ecotourism_Conservation.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:47 am [|Download]
 * [|Patrick Barkham on the rise of extreme tourism | Travel | The Guardian] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:43 am
 * [|Environmental Protection of Antarctica - British Antarctic Survey] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:40 am
 * [|Tourism in Antarctica - British Antarctic Survey] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:40 am
 * [|position_perry.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:39 am [|Download]
 * [|Geographyjim, MYP and IB Diploma Geography] by geogjim Mar 30, 2008 5:21 am


 * Delicious/tag/ib_geog2009 extreme sustainability**
 * [|Press Releases June 2007 - Melting Ice-A Hot Topic.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:29 am [|Download]
 * [|Alaska Reveals Impact of Global Warming, Says Raskin] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:28 am
 * [|raskin_brief.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:27 am [|Download]
 * [|Links and Resources - Cape Farewell - The cultural response to climate change] by geogjim Nov 25, 2008 11:11 am
 * [|Global Deserts Outlook] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:55 am
 * [|Desert life threatened by climate change and human exploitation - Environment - Independent.co.uk] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:54 am
 * [|Climate change scenarios for desert areas - Maps and Graphics at UNEP/GRID-Arendal] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:54 am
 * [|Practical Action - Coping with climate change in Nepal] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:52 am
 * [|WWF - Climate Change: a global concern impacting Nepal] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:51 am Sagarmatha National Park and Kangchenjunga Conservation Area are in great danger of Glacier Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) events. This area has already experienced five such events. Continued climate change will cause major changes in freshwater flow...
 * [|19742202.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:50 am [|Download]
 * [|British Antarctic Survey - Homepage] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:35 am Excellent site, links to other topics here!
 * [|himalayaglaciersreport2005.pdf (application/pdf Object)] by geogjim Nov 22, 2008 3:25 am [|Download]

[|Group IB Geography 2009 Extreme Environments Bookmarks]
 * [|Corrie or Cirque Formation]
 * [|YouTube - Mont Blanc Glacier Time Lapse]
 * [|Wadi Rum (Desert Week 2) - Google Sightseeing]
 * [|Death Valley (Desert Week 2) - Google Sightseeing]
 * [|BBC NEWS | Europe | Glacier melt changes Italian border]
 * [|SwissEduc: Glaciers Online - Introduction]